Fallacies

Fallacies in Making a Case

A.  Five Fallacies of Relevance (i.e. irrelevant info given)

1.     Appeal to Ignorance

2.     Appeal to Inappropriate Authority

3.     Appeal to General Belief

4.     Appeal to Popular Attitudes & Emotions

5.     Gambler’s Fallacy

B.  Two Fallacies of Inadequate Evidence (relevant, but insufficient info give)

1.     False Cause (Post Hoc)

2.     Hasty Generalization

C.  Four Fallacies of Illegitimate Assumption (arguments rely on faulty reasons)

1.     False Dilemma

2.     Loaded Question

3.     Begging the Question

4.     Slippery Slope

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Fallacies of Criticism & Response

A.  Five Fallacies of Criticism (rely on misdirection)

1.     Against the Person (Ad Hominem)

2.     You Too

3.     Pooh-Pooh

4.     Straw Man

5.     Loaded Words 

B.  Two Fallacies of Defense (avoid responding to the criticism)

1.     Definitional Dodge

2.     Exception that proves the rule