log(x) log(x, base) log10(x) log2(x) exp(x)
x
| a numeric or complex vector. |
base
|
positive number. The base with respect to which
logarithms are computed. Defaults to e=exp(1) .
|
log
computes natural logarithms,
log10
computes common (i.e., base 10) logarithms, and
log2
computes binary (i.e., base 2) logarithms.
The general form log(x, base)
computes logarithms with base
base
(log10
and log2
are only special cases).
exp
computes the exponential function.
x
containing the transformed
values.Trig
, Math
, Arithmetic
.log(exp(3)) all(log(1:10) ==log(1:10, exp(1))) log10(30) == log(30, 10) log10(1e7)# = 7 log2(2^pi) == 2^log2(pi) Mod(pi - log(exp(pi*1i)) / 1i) < .Machine$double.eps Mod(1+exp(pi*1i)) < .Machine$double.eps