numeric(length = 0) as.numeric(x) is.numeric(x)
numeric
creates a real vector of the specified length. The
elements of the vector are all equal to 0
.
as.numeric
attempts to coerce its argument to numeric type
(either integer or real).
is.numeric
returns TRUE
if its argument is of type real
or type integer and FALSE
otherwise.
as.numeric
for factors yields the codes underlying the factor
levels.
as.numeric(c("2","B")) as.numeric(factor(5:10))