Voting Methods

Chapter One

Plurality Method
The candidate with the most first place votes wins.

Plurality with a Runoff
The first place votes for each candidate are counted. If a candidate has a majority of first place votes, then that candidate is declared the winner. Otherwise, a second election is held with a designated number of the top candidates. The first place votes are recounted. Again, if a candidate has a majority of first place votes, then that candidate is declared the winner. If there is still no candidate possessing a majority of first place votes, then the process is repeated until there is a candidate with a majority of first place votes.

Borda's Method
Voters rank the entire list of candidates in order of preference from their first choice to their last choice. Each place on a ballot is assigned a point value. In an election with N candidates, 1 point is given for last place, 2 points are given for next to last place, . . . , and N points are given for first place. The points are tallied for each candidate separately, and the candidate with the highest total is the winner.

Head-to-Head Comparisons
Every candidate is matched one-on-one with every other candidate. In a head-to-head comparison between candidates X and Y, each vote is assigned to either X or Y - whichever of the two candidates is higher on the ballot. The winner of the head-to-head comparison is the one with the most votes. The Condorcet winner of the election is the candidate who is the winner of a head-to-head comparison with every other candidate.

Approval Voting
Each voter is allowed to give one vote to as many of the candidates as he or she finds acceptable. The candidate with the highest number of approval votes is declared to be the winner.

From a handout provided by Scotty Thompson.
Website maintained by Andy Long. Comments appreciated.