Chapter 2
Models of Growth: Rates of Change





2.4 Exponential Functions

Problems

    1. Sketch the graph of the natural exponential function `y=e^t`.

    2. Use properties of exponents to show that, for every number `t`,
    3. `e^-t=1/e^t`.

    4. On the same axes as you used in part (a), sketch the graph of `y=e^-t`.

    5. Explain the symmetry the two graphs exhibit.

    6. Now sketch the graph of `y=e^t+e^-t`. Is this function even, odd, or neither? Confirm your answer algebraically.
    1. Find the derivative of `y=e^t+e^-t`.

    2. Graph the derivative of `y`.

    3. Is the derivative even, odd, or neither? Confirm your answer algebraically.
    1. Sketch the graph of `y=e^t-e^-t`.

    2. Find the derivative of `y=e^t-e^-t`.

    3. Graph the derivative of `y`.

    4. Is the derivative even, odd, or neither? Confirm your answer algebraically.
  1. You can use your calculator to determine the slope at `t=0` on the graph of `ftext[(]t text[)]=b^t` (for any particular value of `b`) by a procedure that does not depend on graphing. This slope is just the limiting value of the difference quotients
  2. `(ftext[(]0+Delta t text[)]-ftext[(]0text[)])/(Delta t)`

    as `Delta t` shrinks to zero. If we replace `ftext[(]t text[)]` by `b^t`, we have

    `(Delta f)/(Delta t)=(b^(Delta t)-b^0)/(Delta t)=(b^(Delta t)-1)/(Delta t)`

    so

    `Ltext[(]btext[)]`  is the limiting value as  `Delta t ->0`  of  `(b^(Delta t)-1)/(Delta t)`.

    Table E1   Experimental
    determination of the
    limiting value for L(2)
    `Delta t` `2^(Delta t)` `(2^(Delta t)-1)/(Delta t)`
    0.01 1.00695555 0.695555
    0.001    
    0.0001    
    0.00001    
    1. Estimate this limiting value for `b=2` by filling in the blanks in a table like Table E1.

    2. From this calculation, how many digits in `Ltext[(]2text[)]` are you sure about?

    3. How does this fit with your calculations in Activities 2 and 3?

  3. Repeat Problem 4 with `Delta t=-0.01,`` -0.001, -0.0001, -0.00001`. Do you get more evidence, less evidence, or about the same evidence about the value of `Ltext[(]2text[)]`? Do you get evidence for a different value of `Ltext[(]2text[)]`?
  4. Repeat Problem 4 for `b=3`. What do you conclude about `Ltext[(]3text[)]`?
  5. Repeat Problem 4 for `b=4`. What do you conclude about `Ltext[(]4text[)]`?
  6. What happens if you extend Table E1 several lines further? Try it and see. Does this alter your opinion about the correct value for `Ltext[(]2text[)]`? Why or why not?
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