been shot down living in his house waiting for
instructions to move them on. The
station was bombed while the flyers were there and along with the station the
house where the flyers were kept was destroyed. Upon investigation the Nazis found the dead flyers, and
immediately took the Underground helper into custody. This broke the chain by
which I was to start to Spain. The
Underground had no choice then but to keep me until they worked out another
route.
Somewhere near the end of the 45 days Bos came to tell me
he had made arrangements to take me to Amsterdam where I could proceed through
another arm of the Underground to freedom.
The gamekeeper took my shoes and dyed them from brown to black and stole
a hat -- a nice derby hat -- out of a barber shop someplace for me. The rest of my disguise was a stiff-collared
shirt, some trousers, a nice overcoat and tie.
Then, dressed as a businessman of some prestige, money, and influence,
carrying a forged ID (passport) in case I was stopped, I was ready to
move. Spanhaak (Spykerman) bought 2
tickets for Bos and me at the station, and then we were ready to walk to the
railroad station.
As we walked down the path from the Gamekeeper's house
where I dressed in my travelling clothes, Spanhaak came by returning from the
station (the other way) and handed us the two tickets. Upon arrival at the station there were quite
a number of people waiting for the train to Amsterdam. Bos stood at one end of the platform and I,
the other, as schooled, reading a Dutch newspaper. My panic was so total that it took me a few minutes to observe
that I was holding the newspaper upside down, and this gave me a start, but
obviously no one noticed the error. As
another part of my disguise I carried a box of very fancy cigarettes that most
ordinary people could not afford -- just Germans in very high places. There were occasions when Gestapo agents and
other Germans dressed in civilian clothes and would frequent places
15
like the rail
stations, on the trains, etc. These
agents were of a type that even the Germans and Dutch police didn't want to get
entangled with them -- so they didn't bother to disturb them -- and hopefully,
my disguise would put me in this category.
Apparently my disguise worked; no one bothered to speak to
me. Before the Amsterdam train pulled
in another train arrived and offloaded a large number of female German
soldiers. These girls were dressed in
green, were young, and ran up and down the platform, and generally speaking, I
guess they were having fun and were footloose and fancy free for the
moment. This caused me concern because
I worried that I wouldn't know what I would do if one of them came up and tried
to speak to me. I was lucky; they
didn't; and eventually Bos and I boarded the train. He boarded at a different entrance and walked through the train
and found a compartment where he could sit on one side and I could sit on the
other. This was a 6-person compartment
which was standard on trains in Europe at that time.
By the time the train departed Vorden it was almost dark
and by the time the conductor came by to collect the tickets it was dark; the
lights on the train were very dim and with the window shades pulled down it was
very hard to see from one person to the other.
To avoid being drawn into conversation with any of the people in our
compartment I pretended to be asleep.
The conductor came in with a flashlight and asked for tickets and
everyone gave him their ticket. He
spoke to me and I had my eyes closed and I didn't answer. He then shined his flashlight in my face and
I immediately opened my eyes and realized that it was time for me to produce my
ticket. I did so and my companions
laughed and he took the ticket and left the compartment. For the rest of the trip no one disturbed
me.
16
Upon arrival in Amsterdam we were met by another
Underground agent and Bos departed. My
new companion took me via streetcar and walking to a house occupied by a family
named Goedkoop. Jan Goedkoop was, of
course, a member of the Underground but did not work in the area of moving
short-down pilots. He and his family occupied a rather large house and he had
an extra room so I was billeted there to board, so to speak.
The Goedkoop family consisted of Jan Goedkoop and his
wife, Thea, and a 5-year-old daughter, Dewitcher, and a son, Jan Hymer, about
18 months old at that time. All of this
family were highly intelligent and spoke some 5 languages fluently. Both Jan and Thea spoke English. Thea had been in school in England about 2
years as a girl and she had also attended school in Switzerland where American
and English girls were also in attendance, so this made me quite comfortable
living with them as I was able to communicate with the family.
After about 5 or 6 weeks the Underground moved me to
another billet across town. My new
hosts consisted of a man, R. de Jong. his wife, Anke, and baby who lived in an
apartment complex. (Marowijnestraat 8-II, Amsterdam, W. Holland) The couple were natives of Friesland and
although the husband spoke English, the wife only spoke a few words. I had only learned a few Dutch words at this
time so we did not communicate well.
The apartment complex was a large square with a courtyard in the center
and most of the residents were Frieslanders and the women would go into the
courtyard daily to do their laundry and gossip. They mostly wore long, black dresses down to their ankles much
like the Amish people in our country.
On their heads they wore a strange looking little white bonnet. With nothing to do all day, watching them
became my regular pastime.
17
The husband was a Dutch policeman and he, too, was
connected with the Underground to the extent that he would keep people in his
house. When I arrived they had a young
fellow of Italian extraction from New York that had been a gunner on a B-17
living with them. By the time I arrived
at this new location I was more than anxious to be on my way back to freedom;
the months of sitting and waiting were beginning to more than pale -- I was
ready for action. So, after about 2
weeks at this new billet I was anxious to move on. One night while getting some exercise (walking) with my GI
roommate and our host, quite early in the evening, we heard a woman scream at
the top of her lungs and we ran down to the corner to see what was going
on. The policeman stopped at this point
and we went no further. We observed 2
or 3 Gestapo agents drag a man out of the front room of his house and down the
street. Finally, the man got to his
feet and the Gestapo had him between them and took him off. Of course, that is what caused the woman to
scream.
Upon inquiry of our policeman, he told us that the agents
were the Gestapo and that when they arrested a man and dragged him off the wife
and/or family knew that they would never see him again. Our policeman had his gun with him; a
pistol, but he did no care to interfere with the Gestapo. Dutchmen were deathly afraid of the Gestapo
and I can't say that I blame them very much.
When I determined that I had to leave this billet I asked
the gunner if he wanted to go with me and his reply was that he was comfortable
and safe, had plenty to eat, and he saw no purpose in exposing himself to
danger in order to get back to England.
I promptly told him it was the duty of any man in uniform to return to
his own forces if he possibly could. That's
one more reason why I never had much use for Italians either the ones in
America or in Italy.
18
At any rate, I explained to my host that I wanted to move
on although he was very kind and did everything he could do for us. I hoped that I could be returned to the
Goedkoops and he consented. The trip
back was uneventful on the streetcar except for one small incident. The car was very crowded and many people
were standing in the aisles and I accidentally stepped on a lady's toe. Out of instinct I turned around and said,
"Sorry." Nevertheless she let me have a piece of her mind in no
uncertain terms and some of those who overheard her laughed. The laughing didn't bother me but I was
afraid that I had identified myself as an American, and was relieved to find
out later that the Dutch use the same word under the same circumstances many,
many times, so there wasn't any difference in my pronunciation and their
pronunciation.
At any rate we got off the streetcar a couple of blocks
from Jan's house and walked the rest of the way. When the door was answered to our knock I was greeted with open
arms although they were surprised and taken aback that the policeman had
brought me there. Not that he was a
policeman but that someone else knew where their house was and what they were
doing. In the long run, I found out
later that it didn't make any difference.
After the war, I received a letter from my friend DeJong:
"Amsterdam, May 4, 1946
Dear Dave,
Very often we have been thinking and speaking of
you, but up to now we did not come to writing a letter to you. We are very anxious to know whether you
returned sound and safe home again. We
sincerely hope you reached
19
your base
pretty son after you left us and that you were not taken prisoner of war.
We are doing splendid again, we are living again
at our former address at the Marowijnestraat 8-II in Amsterdam (W.) where you
stayed with us. In the beginning of
1945 we had to duck all of us, because the SD (German Secret Service) raided
our home and at first arrested me. They
had got no evidence by then and set me at liberty pretty soon afterwards. It proved to be a good decision to duck
immediately, because when the SD realized that they surely needed me as a
prisoner, they could not find me. We
necessarily lived at three different addresses in Amsterdam, hunted after by
the SD. At one address they did find at
last my uniform and part of my guns and we had a narrow escape. You still understand we lived through
difficult times, but it were hard and trying times for every Netherlander then.
At the time we were liberated I was commandant of
the Western line of the K.P. (Underground Forces) in Amsterdam, but in our city
there almost was no fighting against the Germans before the Canadians reached
Amsterdam. But I lost many of my men
who were shot by the Germans before the liberation, among others Herman, Hans
and Max; can you remember them?
Now we are all busy to restore the severe damage
caused by the invaders in every sphere.
Though we get enough food now, it are only the essentials we get; there
is still little variation; but we mostly feel our poverty in other lines: clothes, shoes, furniture, cigarettes etc.
are distributed on a very small scale and in rather poor quality. But by
working hard the Netherlands hope to regain a part of their old standard of
living.
Our family is now composed of four; a second son
was born in November lst year, so Anke is very busy now.
20
I am an inspector of police again, detached as
head of the provincial department of the Netherlands Security Service at
Amsterdam, a rather interesting duty, but very busy.
I am writing this letter to you as if I knew
everything is O.K. with you and I hope very much that this is the case. We are anxious to know how you went on after
you left us and hope you will not forget to answer my letter.
I hope
this letter will reach you and your family in good health. With kindest regards from us all, also from
the Meeuwis family (Johan or Carl).
Yours
s/R. deJong"
Upon returning to the Goedkoop house I found two other
American flyers who had been shot down.
One of them was a bomber co-pilot and he was only there just a few days
after I came; I can't even remember his name now. He was taken somewhere else.
The second man was Floyd Stegall, a young fighter pilot from
Illinois. He was only 19 years old and
had been shot down 2 or 3 weeks prior to this time.
NOTE:HERE I AM AMENDING GASTON'S ACCOUNT WITH DETAILS OF
GASTON'S ADVENTURE AS SEEN THROUGH THE EYES OF GASTON'S TRAVELLING COMPANION,
FLOYD STEGALL, WHO FROM THIS POINT FORWARD WAS FRIEND AND TRAVELLING COMPANION
UNTIL THEY REACHED THE AMERICAN HEADQUARTERS IN ENGLAND. HIS COMMENTS I WILL PUT IN A DIFFERENCE
FONTS.(Dorothy Alford, Gaston's wife and typist)
"They
got the three of us tickets to Amsterdam. I was told not to be afraid. If we
bump shoulders with the German Gestapo, not to step aside. I bumped shoulders
with one (I was afraid, but did not act like it).
21
"The
location we were supposed to meet "Thea" in was about one mile from
the center of Amsterdam. It was beautiful and was well kept with lots of
flowers. This was in the last of April. The instructions that my helpers had
been given were great. As we entered the park we were able to go to the spot
where "Thea" was sitting waiting for us. We introduced ourselves to
each other and my helpers started their return to Wormaveer.
"Thea"
and I were both excited, it was great to be able to carry on a conversation in
English. Thea told me all about their family and their part in the underground.
They had a dutch soldier that had been captured by the Germans and had escaped
so they gave him a home. He did all the preparing of the meals and kept the
condo spec and span. The first night I was there we had dinner together - the
children Jan, Thea and I. The table was set just like it was in the U.S. and
their table manners were the same as ours. We all spoke English, even the
children. When we had finished dinner they wanted me to tell them about my
family and where we lived in the states. Then they wanted me to tell them of
what caused me to crash and what had happened to me since I had been in
Holland. As I was about half way through I noticed they were smiling and
looking at each other. Thea spoke up and said: "Floyd, the reason we are
smiling is you are using a lot of dutch words as well as English. We have had
several Americans here but none that could speak our langage and we are
enjoying it very much.
"I
was here four or five days and there was a knock on the door one evening. It
was Lt. Col. David Gaston Alford, a b-17 bomber pilot that had been here at the
Goedkoops for a few weeks prior to my coming. He had been shot down in eastern
Holland and the underground had moved him this far. The underground had moved
him to another home in the hopes of getting him moved further in his effort of
getting back to England. This member of the underground was also a member of
the Amsterdam police force. David had been there a short time but there was not
much indication that he was going to be moved on very soon. He asked the
underground policeman if he would return him to the Goedkoops.
22
"My
new friends were "Jan and Thea Goedkoops". They lived in a real nice
three story condo that was real well furnished. Their home was on "Prince
Gracht" which was one of the nicest streets and canals in Amsterdam. As
most of you know "Prince Gracht" is the street that Ann Frank lived.
"Thea"
was a small and very pretty lady whose parents were from Dutch East Indies. She
was a very well educated and could speak five languages. She also had a great
personality.
"Jan",
her husband, was a very handsome man with a great personality. He could speak
six languages and was a born dutchman. He and his parents owned and operated a
company that operated barges that served the small villages and the large
cities in Holland. Jan and Thea had a daughter 3 and a son 2. They could speak
and understand English. The Goedkoops spoke English all the time in the house
and the children were told they were speaking German. The children were told
when they were around other children they should speak dutch because the other
children wouldn't understand German if they spoke German to them. "
The Goedkoops were fine people and they could tell I was
very restless and they knew it was time for us to try to move to our next stop
on the escape route to Spain and back to England. Consequently, about 2 weeks after my return arrangements were
made through the Underground to take us to Maastricht, Holland which is in the
southeastern part of Holland and near the Belgian border. Our guide was Wienik Everts, a brother of
Mrs. Goedkoop, who was also working in the Underground as one of the two
printers that moved the Underground press daily (to keep the Germans from
finding it) and who were able to print and/or reproduce any of the documents
that were used during the war -- IDs, passports, visas, food stamps, and even
replicas of the bearer bonds resting in banks -- he was not assigned to the
task of escorting evadees but volunteered for the task of escorting Floyd and
me to Maastricht.
23
Weinik, as well as Jan Goedkoop, was a most unique
individual and not large in stature or vastly strong physically, but he managed
to hold his own with the Germans. One
evening he was moving some parts of the Underground press on his bicycle that
would have identified him as part of the Underground when he was ordered to
halt by 3 Germans who wanted to search him and he knew this could not be, so he
threw his bicycle at one of them and hit another one and then ran, but the
third German shot him in the back and ruptured his spleen. Even wounded Wienik rounded a corner, kept
running and entered the first house he could find which was a standard 3- or
4-story house of the area which operated as a meat market on the ground floor. He raced through the market, up the stairs
to the roof, asking the occupants not to tell that they had seen him. He was successful in getting away and lay on
the roof all night and through the next day and somehow managed to get in touch
with his sister, Thea Goedkoop. The
Underground managed to get him over to her house where she nursed him back to
life and sheltered him until he got well.
"We
had been here about 4 weeks and both of us were getting anxious to get moving
towards England. Weinik, Thea's brother, was well educated as the rest of the
family and we enjoyed visiting with him so he could tell we were getting
anxious to get on the move. So he took it on himself to find us a place to go
south. This wasn't a part of his duty in the underground. He just wanted to
help us. He went to Maastricht, got acquainted with some of the underground,
and made arrangements for us to stop at Dr. Van der Ley's home for a while.
That was a big move for us since it was better than half the length of Holland
in one move. Weinik bought the tickets and acted as our guide. We got on the
train which was made up of compartments that the passengers sit facing each
other, Weinik got in one compartment and Dave and I got in the one next to him.
There were almost all German soldiers on the train and three of them got into the
same compartment as Dave and I. One of them got out a cigarette and he asked
for a lucifer [a match]. Both of us knew what it was so we both started to give
him a light and he took Dave's
24
book,
lit up his cigarette and gave Dave his book back. The Germans carried on a
conversation and didn't include us, for which we were glad. The train stopped
halfway to Maastricht and some soldiers got off and other got on but ours
didn't change. The soldiers had their rifles and we had our passports and
I.D.s. The soldiers got off the train the last stop before Maastricht, of which
we were glad. "
Wienik took Floyd and me to the rail station, bought our
tickets, and boarded the train to Maastricht with us. He did not, of course, sit in the same compartment with us in
case we should be caught. We were
dressed by the Underground in civilian clothes and had passports and identifications
papers furnished to us. Soon after
occupying one of the vacant compartments, two German soldiers joined us. They had their rifles with them and
fortunately did not try to strike up a conversation with us. We were terrified! One of the soldiers wanted to smoke a cigarette and asked me for
a match in Dutch. Fortunately, that was
one of my few Dutch words so it wasn't a problem. I gave him a box of matches, he hit his cigarette and handed them
back. My heart was in my throat! However, not to worry, this was the end of
our conversation; he then turned to his companion and there was a constant flow
of conversation between them the entire trip.
If I remember correctly, they departed the train just before our stop in
Maastricht.
Certainly, both Floyd and I were a bit nervous about this
situation and I figures out what I would do if we got into trouble with them;
I'm sure Floyd did the same. My plan
was to throw them out the window if we didn't get thrown out first, for that
was about all we could have done. Thank
Heavens we didn't have to put the plan into operation!
25
"Upon
our arrival in Maastricht railway station Weinik led us to a predetermined
place and turned us over to another man that had identfied himself by a signal
with Weinik. They had never met but they had ways of knowing who each were.
Weinik returned to Amsterdam and our new man took us to Dr. Van der Ley's home.
"
Upon arrival in Maastricht railroad station a
predetermined meeting place had been set up and Wienik led us there and turned
us over to the Underground man waiting there for us. Wienik had, of course, never met the man, but they identified
each other in some manner and the transfer was made and Wienik left us and
returned to the station to return back to Amsterdam. This gentleman walked us to the house and office of Dr. von der
Ley Another 35 years passed before I
saw Wienik again.
Dr. von der Ley was a practicing physician who had been in
practice in Maastricht since finishing medical school. He came from the Friesland area of Holland
which is predominately Protestant and the Maastricht area is predominately
Catholic. Perhaps this was one of the
reasons that he did not get along well with the other medical doctors in
Maastricht and was never invited to join their medical society or
association. He was a rather large,
well-built man and had represented Holland on the Dutch Olympic Team of 1928 as
a swimmer and had been able to maintain his good physical condition, although
he was about 40 to 45 years of age at the time I was there.
The office of his practice was on the ground floor of the
3-storied house he occupied. In
addition, there was an attic. The
ground floor in addition to his office contained a dining room, kitchen, and
small parlor. Dr. von der Ley's wife
was Jewish and had been taken to a concentration camp 2 or 3 years prior, right
after the occupation of Holland by the Germans. Dr. von der Ley was quite bitter toward the Germans, even more
so, I think, than the ordinary Dutchman.
The house contained 2 bedrooms on the other 2 floors;
26
one was occupied
by Dr. Von der Ley and his live-in nurse and the occupied by Floyd and me. The attic contained a radio that came from
the United States Signal Corps. It was
a low-frequency one that was operated by an Underground Dutchman who came daily
to report the weather back to England.
"Dr.
Van der Lay was an M.D. who had been practicing in Maastricht since he first
got out of medical school. He was from the northern part of Holland, which is
primarily protestant and Maastricht is the most southern city in Holland on the
border of Belgium and is mostly catholic. For this reason and probably others
he never did get along too well with the other doctors. They never did invite
him to join the local medical society or medical association. He was very
athletic and had been on the dutch olympic team as a diver in 1928 and still at
that time was well built.
"Dr.
Van der Lay's office was in the first floor of his house, which was a three
story brick house with an attic. On the first floor were also the kitchen,
dining room and a small parlor. His wife was Jewish and had been in a
concentration camp for three years at the time David and I were there. He was
very bitter toward the Germans. He had two bedrooms. David and I were on the
top floor with the Dr. and his live-in nurse in the other bedroom. In the attic
was a radio that came from the United States signal corps. It was a low
frequency radio used by a dutchman to send weather reports back to England each
day. I also sent in the report when the planes started flying over on June 4th
& 5th & 6th going towards the channel and every thing with wheels was
going through Maastricht from the north part of Holland and Germany. The Maas
river funnels the traffic through Maastricht because the only bridge crosses
the maas river at this point for miles from the north. "
Dr. von der Ley and I got into the habit of playing
2-handed honeymoon
27
bridge each night.
Floyd and the nurse (neither played bridge) played checkers or some
other game, or read. Each night as we
played bridge Dr.von der Ley and I managed to drink up a bottle of Dutch Jeneva
(gin). As we played our games we drank and
speculated on when the Allies would invade the continent, etc. I might add that the Jeneva was not of first
quality and of low alcohol content, but wartime products never measured up to
those of peace time. We were just happy
to have any spirits to drink to help us through those bad days.
As we wasted the nights away, we, occasionally, could hear
the American and British bombers come over and every day and every night we
could hear some German aircraft -- a few -- flying by. The night before the invasion (D-Day), June
6, 1944, Dr. von der Ley and I were doing our usual thing, playing bridge and
drinking Jeneva, when along toward midnight we began to hear more and more
German planes coming across our location and going toward the West and we
immediately guessed that the invasion was beginning. Sure enough, the next day, late in the evening on the BBC, on our
radio we learned that the Allied troops had indeed landed in Normandy.
For the next several days there was a tremendous amount of
German activity in our area. About 3 or
4 blocks from Dr. von der Ley's house was the local German Army
Headquarters. The street in front of
the house was one of the main streets going from Germany and the north part of
Holland down to the Maas River where there is a bridge that would take you down
through Belgium into France. This was
one route that was used quite heavily by German traffic.
On one occasion I saw a large contingent of horse-drawn
artillery move down the street and I heard later that a bunch of P-47s (US
Fighter Planes) caught a horse-drawn artillery outfit somewhere down in France
and pretty well wiped it out. Whether
or not this was the same one I saw, of course, I don't know.
28