Supporting Materials, Lecture 11

Supporting Materials, Lecture 11:

Lab: Analysis of Dr. Kitron's Malaria data
Today's lab will be a little different: first, Dr. Kitron will deliver his lecture (for about an hour). This will be followed by a brief lab, in which we apply some of the techniques discussed to his data.
Dr. Kitron will either suggest analyses to carry out, or actually lead them using the projection machine. At this point, the following possibilities have been suggested:
- Mapping:
  - Changing distribution of cases by country of origin over time (e.g., Nigeria, India or Guyana).
  - Grouping of all cases within a given area (e.g., 25 km2), and then mapping clusters of cases (e.g. as circles with size related to number of cases). Maps can then be made for a variety of categories (temporal, origin, species, etc.).
- Spatial statistics:
  - Moran's I for the distribution of cases for the three parasite species.
  - k-NN for cases from selected continents or countries.
Here are the details to get you started:
1. each of you will receive a diskette of the data. This is proprietary data, so it is required that you keep it on the diskette (i.e., do not copy it to any other directory, medium, etc.), and return the diskette to us when the lab is over.
2. On the diskette is a directory, malaria, in which you will find a project - malaria.apr.
3. The project uses some of Esri's data. There are two ways that you can access this data: you can search for it in the directory structure of your local computer, or you can download a zipped file containing the shape files. Unzip it to your hard disk (there's not enough room on the floppy!).
4. Double click on this project. When it asks you for the esri data, you'll know where to point.
Software: ArcView, Stat!
Featured techniques:
Readings:
Principal Readings:
1. Kitron, Uriel. 1998. Landscape Ecology and Epidemiology of Vector-Borne Diseases: Tools for Spatial Analysis. Journal of Medical Entomology. 35:4., pp. 435-445.
2. Chadee D. D., and U. Kitron. 1999. Malaria surveillance in Trinidad: imported cases and risk of outbreaks. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Vol. 61:4, pp. 513-517.
Data:
- Uriel Kitron's Malaria data.
Links:
- Uriel Kitron's home page.
- From the reading: "Recently, NASA established the Center for Health Applications of Aerospace Related Technologies (CHAART) at Ames Research Center. In collaborative studies, CHAART investigators demonstrated the use of RS and GIS to explain the landscape ecology of disease, and therefore to generate predictions about relative risk (http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/health/chaart.html)."
- From the reading: "LeSueur and colleagues (http://www.malaria.org.za/maldist.htm) established a GIS in northern KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, by mapping >35,000 homesteads, entering data on population, malaria control, tribal affiliation, school and clinic attendance, and constructed a control program that could be finely tuned to the household level."
- MALSAT - Environmental Information Systems for Malaria. From their web page: "The MALSAT team consists of a small group of researchers who are investigating the 'Eco-epidemiology' of vector-borne diseases using Geographical Information Systems and applications of local remote sensing techniques. Research has recently been extended to include meningococcal meningitis in Africa.
  Recent advances in the availability of real-time environmental satellite information which can be captured and processed locally, within a GIS, has meant that resource managers are able to obtain timely information on variables such as: rainfall, temperature, vegetation state, surface water, soil moisture, flooding, etc. for large, often remote areas. Such information has been shown to be useful to local decision makers in the agricultural, veterinary, forestry and pest control sectors. "
- Powerpoint presentations by Dr. Kitron, illustrating

Page by Andy Long. Comments appreciated.

aelon@sph.umich.edu