Delimiters

Delimiters are objects which act logically like parentheses. These can be used only in math mode.

The delimiters recognized by LaTeX include

( (left parenthesis)
) (right parenthesis)
[ (left bracket)
] (right bracket)
\{ (left brace)
\} (right brace)
| (vertical line)
\vert (vertical line)
\| (double vertical lines)
\Vert (double vertical lines)
/ (slash)
\backslash (backslash)
\langle (left angle bracket)
\rangle (right angle bracket)
\uparrow (uparrow)
\downarrow (down arrow)
\updownarrow (up/down arrow)

Delimiters in formulas should be big enough to "fit" around the formulas they delimit (for example arround arrays). To obtain "stretchable" delimiters (LaTeX makes them the appropriate size) type a \left or \right command before the delimiter. \left and \right commands must come in matching pairs, although the delimiters themselves need not be the same. Thus,

 \left \{ ... \right \[

produces a legal pair. In cases where only one delimiter is desired, it is possible to make the matching delimiter "invisible" by typing a period (.) after the command, i.e., \left. or \right..

Some examples

A six-j symbol

  \[ \left\{ 
   \begin{array}{ccc} 
    a & b & c \\ 
    d & e & f \end{array}
   \right\} \]

This should be displayed something like (insofar as it can be rendered in "ascii art"):

         ( a b c )
         -       -
         ( d e f )

Note that the \[ ... \] set this off as Display Math, and that the Array Environment is used to generate the three centered columns inside the braces.

A "multiple choice" equation

 \[ f(x) = 
   \left\{ \begin{array}{l} 
       0, x < 0 \\ 1, x = 0 \\
       2, x > 0 \end{array} \right. \]

will be displayed as

             ( 0, x < 0
     f(x) =  - 1, x = 0
             ( 2, x > 0

Note that the "invisible" \right delimiter is specified using a "period".

See also: See also Math Formulas, Math Symbols

Back to the LaTeX Table of Contents

Sheldon Green, agxsg@giss.nasa.gov, 17 May 1995.