19.4 Network Programs
Syntax
netstat [ options ] [ system ] [ core ]
Common Options
-a show status of all sockets, including server processes
-f address_family report only statistics related to the address_family, one of:
inet AF_INET address family
unix AF_UNIX family
-i show status of auto-configured interfaces only
-m show management statistics (or STREAMS statistics, SunOS 5.X only)
-n don't map the IP addresses to host names
-r show the routing tables, or statistics (with -s)
-s show the per-protocol statistics, or routing statistics (with -r)
-g show multicast groups (SunOS 5.X only)
-M show multicast groups (IRIX only)
-p show the address resolution protocol (ARP) statistics (SunOS 5.X only)
-v verbose (SunOS 5.X only)
system defaults to the kernel, e.g. /vmunix
core specify the kernel core file when examining savecore output, e.g. for SunOS 4.1X: system=vmunix.0, core=vmcore.0.
Examples
You can check the routes that the machine is actually using with netstat, e.g.:
# netstat -rn
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 10007 lo0
default 128.146.116.1 UG 27 55222481 le0
128.146.116.0 128.146.116.4 U 29 138605429 le0
The -i option will show the status of the network interfaces, e.g.:
# netstat -i
Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue
le0 1500 128.146.116.0 server 33168177 864 34382907 19 49045 0
le1 1500 128.146.6.0 server-gw 25310460 1193 20675896 0 62690 0
lo0 1536 loopback localhost 458882 0 458882 0 0 0
where
mtu maximum transmission unit
Ipkts Input packets
Ierrs Input errors
Opkts Output Packets
Oerrs Output errors
Collis Collisions
Queue number in the Queue
Often a shortage of buffers can lead to input errors. If the input error rate, Ierrs/Ipkts ³ 0.00025 (0.025%), you may want to experiment with increasing the receive buffers. Here Ierrs/Ipkts is 0.000026 for le0 and 0.000047 for le1.
Network saturation can be investigated by looking at the collision rate, Collis, for a few days. If any of the following are true than one should be concerned.
(Collis + Ierrs + Oerrs)/(Ipkts + Opkts) > 0.02 (2%) (0.0007, .07%)
Collis/Opkts > 0.02 (2%) (0.0014, .14%)
Oerrs > 0%
This may indicate that the network is saturated. Traffic or xtr can give you an indication of the ethernet usage. If it consistently reports 35% utilization then the ethernet segment is saturated and you should look at ways to distribute the load.
The netstat command has a few new options for SunOS 5.X to report on the new TCP/IP features, including IP multicasting. IP multicasting allows the sender to transmit one packet to be received by one or more, but not necessarily all, hosts on a network. This is useful in multi-party communications when sending the same data to multiple destinations. With logical addressing you can send to a service, rather than a host. The default multicast address is 244.0.0.0. The address 244.0.0.1 is permanently assigned to the group of all hosts and gateways participating in IP multicasting. Host groups are identified by this address and interested hosts listen on this address.