par(..., no.readonly = FALSE) <highlevel plot> (......, <tag> = <value>)
no.readonly
|
logical; if TRUE and there are no other
arguments, only parameters are returned which can be set by a
subsequent par(.) call.
|
adj
|
The value of adj determines the way in which text
strings are justified. A value of 0 produces right
left-justified text, 0.5 centered text and 1
right-justified text.
|
ann
|
If set to FALSE, high-level plotting functions do
not annotate the plots they produce with axis and overall titles.
The default is to do annotation.
|
ask
|
logical. If TRUE, the user is asked for input,
before a new figure is drawn.
|
bg
| The color to be used for the background of plots. A description of how colors are specified is given below. |
bty
|
A character string which determined the type of box which
is drawn about plots. If bty is one of "o",
"l", "7", "c", or "]" the resulting box
resembles the corresponding upper case letter. A value of
"n" suppresses the box.
|
cex
| A numerical value giving the amount by which plotting text and symbols should be scaled relative to the default. |
cex.axis
| The magnification to be used for axis annotation relative to the current. |
cex.lab
| The magnification to be used for x and y labels relative to the current. |
cex.main
| The magnification to be used for main titles relative to the current. |
cex.sub
| The magnification to be used for sub-titles relative to the current. |
cin
| R.O.. |
col
| A specification for the default plotting color. A description of how colors are specified is given below. |
col.axis
| The color to be used for axis annotation. |
col.lab
| The color to be used for x and y labels. |
col.main
| The color to be used for plot main titles. |
col.sub
| The color to be used for plot sub-titles. |
cra
| R.O.. |
crt
| A numerical value specifying (in degrees) how strings should be rotated. It is unwise to expect values other than multiples of 90 to work. |
csi
| R.O.. The height of (default sized) characters in inches. |
din
| R.O.. The device dimensions in inches. |
err
| (Unimplemented) The degree of error reporting desired. |
fg
| The color to be used for the foreground of plots. This is the default color is used for things like axes and boxes around plots. A description of how colors are specified is given below. |
fig
|
A numerical vector of the form c(x1, x2, y1, y2)
which gives the (NDC) coordinates of the figure region in the
display region of the device.
|
fin
|
A numerical vector of the form c(x, y) which gives
the size of the figure region in inches.
|
font
| An integer which specifies which font to use for text. If possible, device drivers arrange so that 1 corresponds to plain text, 2 to bold face, 3 to italic and 4 to bold italic. |
font.axis
| The font to be used for axis annotation. |
font.lab
| The font to be used for x and y labels. |
font.main
| The font to be used for plot main titles. |
font.sub
| The font to be used for plot sub-titles. |
gamma
|
the gamma correction, see hsv(.., gamma).
|
lab
|
A numerical vector of the form c(x, y, len) which
modifies the way that axes are annotated.
The values of x and y give the (approximate) number of
tickmarks on the x and y axes and
len specifies the label size.
Currently, len is unimplemented.
|
las
| numeric in {0,1,2}; the style of axis labels. 0 = always parallel to the axis [default], 1 = always horizontal, 2 = always perpendicular to the axis, 3 = always vertical. |
lty
|
The line type.
Line types can either be specified as an integer (1=solid, 2=dashed,
3=dotted 4=dotdashed) or as one of the character strings
"solid", "dashed", "dotted" or
"dotdashed".
Alternatively, a string of up to 8 characters may be given, giving
the length (in points) of line segments which are alternatively
drawn and skipped. For example, "44" is dashed and
"13" is dotted.
|
lwd
|
The line width, a positive numerical, defaulting to
1.
|
mai
|
A numerical vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right)
which gives the margin size specified in inches.
|
mar
|
A numerical vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right)
which gives the lines of margin to be specified on the four sides of
the plot. The default is c(5, 4, 4, 2) + 0.1.
|
mex
|
mex is a character size expansion factor which is
used to describe coordinates in the margins of plots.
|
mfcol, mfrow
|
A vector of the form c(nr, nc).
Subsequent figures will be drawn in an nr-by-nc
array on the device by columns (mfcol), or
rows (mfrow), respectively.
Consider the alternatives, |
mfg
|
A numerical vector of the form c(i, j, nr, nc) where
i and j indicate which figure in an
nr-by-nc array of figures is currently being drawn.
|
mgp
|
The margin line for the axis title, axis labels and axis
line. The default is c(3, 1, 0).
|
mkh
|
The height in inches of symbols to be drawn when the value
of pch is an integer.
|
new
|
logical, defaulting to FALSE. If set to
TRUE, the next high-level plotting command (actually
plot.new(.) should not clean the frame before
drawing ``as if it was on a new device''.
|
oma
|
A vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right) giving the
size of the outer margins in lines of text.
|
omd
|
A vector of the form c(x1, x2, y1, y2) giving the
NDC coordinates of the region where (multiple) figures will appear
on the device.
|
omi
|
A vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right) giving the
size of the outer margins in inches.
|
pch
| Either an integer specifying a symbol or a single character to be used as the default in plotting. |
pin
| The width and height of the current plot in inches. |
plt
|
A vector of the form c(x1, x2, y1, y2) giving the
the coordinates of the plot region as fractions of the current
figure region.
|
ps
| integer; the pointsize of text and symbols. |
pty
|
A character specifying the type of plot region to be used;
"s" generates a square plotting region and "m"
generates the maximal plotting region.
|
smo
| (Unimplemented) a value which indicates how smooth circles and circular arc should be. |
srt
|
The string rotation in degrees. Causes srt to be
set to the same value.
|
tck
|
The length of tick marks as a fraction of the smaller of
the width or height of the plotting region.
If tck=1, grid lines are drawn. The default setting is
to use tcl=-0.5 (see below).
|
tcl
|
The length of tick marks as a fraction of the height
of a line of text. The default value is -0.5.
|
tmag
| A number specifying the enlargement of text of the main title relative to the other annotating text of the plot. |
type
|
character; the default plot type desired, see
plot.default(type=...), defaulting to "p".
|
usr
|
A vector of the form c(x1, x2, y1, y2) giving the
extremes of the user coordinates of the plotting region.
|
xaxp
|
A vector of the form c(x1, x2, n) giving the
coordinates of the extreme tick marks and the number of intervals
between tick-marks.
|
xaxs
| (Unimplemented) The style of axis interval calculation to be used for the x-axis. |
xaxt
|
A character which specifies the axis type.
Specifying "n" causes an axis to be set up, but not plotted.
|
xlog
|
R.O.. A logical value (see log in
plot.default).
If TRUE a logarithmic scale is in use. For a new device, it
defaults to FALSE, i.e., linear scale.
|
xpd
|
A logical value.
If FALSE, all plotting is clipped to the plot region.
|
yaxp
|
A vector of the form c(y1, y2, n) giving
the coordinates of the extreme tick marks and the number of
intervals between tick-marks.
|
yaxs
| (Unimplemented) The style of axis interval calculation to be used for the y-axis. |
yaxt
|
A character which specifies the axis type.
Specifying "n" causes an axis to be set up, but not plotted.
|
ylog
|
R.O.. A logical value (see log in
plot.default). See xlog above.
|
par can be used to set or query graphical parameters.
Parameters can be set by specifying them as arguments to par in
tag = value form, or by passing them as a list of tagged values.par to restore the parameter values.
Parameters are queried by giving vectors of character strings to
par. In this case, the values are returned in a tagged list.
par() (no arguments) or par(no.readonly=TRUE) is used to
get all the graphical parameters (as named list).
Their names are currently taken from the variable .Pars.
.Pars.readonly contains the names of the par arguments
which are readonly.
R.O. Arguments := Read-only arguments: These may only be used in queries, i.e., they do not set anything.
All but these R.O. and the following low-level
arguments can be set as well in high-level and mid-level plot
functions, such as plot, points,
lines, axis, title,
text, mtext:
"ask"
"fig", "fin"
"mai", "mar", "mex"
"mfrow", "mfcol", "mfg"
"new"
"oma", "omd", "omi"
"pin", "plt", "ps", "pty"
"usr"
"xlog", "ylog"
"red"). A list of the possible colors
can be obtained with the function colors.
Alternatively, colors can be specified directly in terms of there RGB
components with a string of the form "#RRGGBB" where each of
the pairs RR, GG, BB consist of two hexadecimal
digits giving a value in the range 00 to FF. Colors can
also be specified by giving an index into a small table of colors.
This provides compatibility with S.
The functions rgb, hsv, gray and rainbow
provide additional ways of generating colors.
"33" specifies three pixels on followed by three off and
"3313" specifies three pixels on followed by three off followed
by one on and finally three off.plot.default for some high-level plotting parameters;
colors, gray, rainbow,
rgb;
options for other setup parameters;
graphic devices x11, postscript and
setting up device regions by layout and
split.screen.
op <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2), # 2 x 2 pictures on one plot
pty = "s") # square plotting region, independent of device size
## At end of plotting, reset to previous settings:
par(op)
par("ylog")# FALSE
plot(1:12,log="y")
par("ylog")# TRUE
( nr.prof <-
c(prof.pilots=16,lawyers=11,farmers=10,salesmen=9,physicians=9,
mechanics=6,policemen=6,managers=6,engineers=5,teachers=4,
housewives=3,students=3,armed.forces=1))
par(las=3)
barplot(rbind(nr.prof)) # R 0.63.2: shows alignment problem
par(las=0)# reset to default
ex <- function() {
old.par <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)# all par settings which could be changed.
on.exit(par(old.par))
## ...
## ... do lots of par(..) settings and plots
## ...
invisible() #-- now, par(old.par) will be executed
}
ex()