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Today:
Theorem 3 is just a corollary of Theorem 2, where the integrals are the obvious power functions:
Let , where f is a positive, decreasing function. If converges by the integral test, and we define the remainder by , then
(this gives us a bound on the error we're making in the calculation of a series). This is useful, for example, in the calculation of digits of (now, you might ask "and what's the use of that?!";).
This theorem says that, in the long run, one series has terms which are simply a constant times the terms in the other series.