Basques of the Pyrenees: The Native Europeans

Below are resources related to Xabier Irujo's “Basques of the Pyrenees” chapter of Native Nations: The Survival of Indigenous Peoples, 4th Edition, edited by Sharlotte Neely and Douglas W. Hume.

Agencies & Organizations

Discussion Questions

  • What do the Basques mean when they say they are the Native Europeans?
  • What evidence do they present when they make this argument?
  • What have nations like France or Spain done to try to destroy a sense of Basque identity?

Documentary Films

Further Reading

  • Irujo, Xabier. 2015. Gernika, 1937. University of Nevada Press.

Contemporary Basque People

Artzaiak Eta Inudeak Festival
Artzaiak eta inudeak festival, Donostia, Basque Country (dantzan [CC BY-SA])

Basque Speaker Range

Basque Speaker Range
Basque Country Location Map (Eddo [CC BY-SA])

Basque Ethno-historical Photograph

Basque Girl
A Basque girl, during a Woman's Day celebration, March 7, 2008 (Xabier Irujo, All Rights Reserved)

Get the Book!

Our book, Native Nations: The Survival of Indigenous Peoples, 4th Edition, is now available for purchase!