These spatial cluster detection methods are used to investigate disease clusters around a point source exposure to a factor that is proposed to increase risk of disease. They can be thought of as tests that attempt to answer the question: Within the study area, can one identify a particular location (point or place) to be a member of a statistically significant cluster?¹ Location is implied, and there is not a search for cluster position.

References:

1. Personal correspondence: Dr. Arthur Getis, 1999, Stephen and Mary Birch Foundation Chair of Geographical Studies Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.